Poverty and homeless

 Name.himanshu yadav

B.tech cse 

Introduction

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights defines a ‘homeless’, as a person who doesn’t live in a permanent house due to a lack of required housing, safety, and availability. According to the 2011 census, 1.77 million people were homeless in India, which made up 0.15% of the total population. The actual number was more than this data. Furthermore, a high proportion of the homeless are mentally ill or children. However, recent trends show that the existence of multidimensional poverty is declining, in fact in 2020, the number has gone down to 6 percent from 54.7 percent at the time of independence.
Reasons for homelessness

Housing

India has a shortage of over 20 million houses. Families migrating to urban areas from rural areas due to loss of property, search for employment, and better opportunities are often left homeless because of high rents (a basic apartment costs around Rs. 3000)  and non-availability of houses to accommodate them. Faced with homelessness, these migrants try to create shelter from cardboard, tin, plastic, and wood. 
In some other cases, people resort to dwelling in slums. In India, 78 million people live in such slums, tenements, and makeshift houses and account for 17% of the world’s slum-dwelling population. The number of slum dwellers has doubled since the last two decades.

The Causes of Homelessness

Homelessness is an outcome of the complex interplay of structural factors, systemic failures and individual circumstances (Gaetz, Donaldson, Richter, & Gulliver, 2013):

1. Structural factors are where the cost of living has increased but without an adequate increase in income, particularly for those in the lower income brackets or those on social assistance.

1. Systemic failures occur when people fall between the cracks of a country’s systems of care. For example, when people are discharged from hospitals or correctional facilities into emergency shelters or when youth transition out of the child welfare system.

1. Personal circumstances may come into play when individuals and families experience catastrophic events such as job loss, illness or a house fire. Traumatic events or health problems can add to the risk of becoming homeless when housing or income is in short supply.

1. Family violence and conflict, particularly for women, children and youth, may push individuals to flee their homes in order to protect themselves